Angle of draw - In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle between the vertical and the angle of repose of the material and is 20° for flat seams. Fluidized Bed Combustion – A process with a high degree of ability to remove sulfur from coal during combustion. Applied to a rock, soil, or fossil when occurring in the situation in which it was originally formed or deposited. Electrostatic precipitators are used to remove fly ash from the gases prior to the release from a power plant's smokestack. Respirable dust - Dust particles 5 microns or less in size. Fractures include faults, shears, joints, and planes of fracture cleavage. "Lignite" is the softest coal and has the highest moisture content. Found inside – Page 4Places needing support in mines are designated under the following names , which the miner or mine worker will recognize : Roof , sometimes called “ top ” or “ overhead , ” invariably needs the most support . Floor , sometimes called ... Also, to divide a pillar by driving one or more roads through it. The beginning point of a shaft or drill hole at the surface. The enterprise was de-energized due to militants’ shelling and 203 miners were left under the ground. Bridge conveyor - A short conveyor hung from the boom of mining or lading machine or haulage system with the other end attached to a receiving bin that dollies along a frame supported by the room or entry conveyor, tailpiece. The vertical transport of the same is called hoisting. Wedge - A piece of wood tapering to a thin edge and used for tightening in conventional timbering. Electrostatic precipitators are used to remove fly ash from the gases prior to the release from a power plant's smokestack. Coal - A solid, brittle, more or less distinctly stratified combustible carbonaceous rock, formed by partial to complete decomposition of vegetation; varies in color from dark brown to black; not fusible without decomposition and very insoluble. The definition of a coal miner isn't just simply someone who mines for coal underground. There are a variety of jobs that come with it. What makes it a mining job is when the employee is working at a coal mine and whose job works towards getting coal out of the ground and distributed for energy usage. Things to Know About Coal Mining Careers Fuse - A cord-like substance used in the ignition of explosives. << Rider (2) - Where another seam of coal is close or lies on top of a coal seam. Employs a steal plow, or rotation drum, which is pulled mechanically back and forth across a face of coal that is usually several hundred feet long. It is usually considered of inferior quality due to partial oxidation, although this is not always the case. Dust consisting of particles of coal that can pass through a No. It may or may not be filled with debris. - Any rapidly combustive or expanding substance. Coal companies in North Dakota are legally bound to clean up their mines when the mining work is done. - An area of land and all structures, facilities, machinery, tools, equipment, shafts, slopes, tunnels, excavations, and other property, real or personal, placed upon, under, or above the surface of such land by any person, used in extracting coal from its natural deposits in the earth by any means or method, and the work of preparing the coal so extracted, including coal preparation facilities. "Anthracite" is hard coal, almost pure carbon, used mainly for heating homes. Large "pillars" are left while "rooms" of coal are extracted. This work is dangerous and a long bar (called a scaling bar)is often used. Often incline is reserved for those entries that are too steep for a belt conveyor (+17 degrees -18 degrees), in which case a hoist and guide rails are employed. What are the types of coal? – A number of innovative, new technologies designed to use coal in a more efficient and cost-effective manner while enhancing environmental protection. Scoop - A rubber tired-, battery- or diesel-powered piece of equipment designed for cleaning runways and hauling supplies. It’s about 50 degrees in the Lackawanna Coal Mine all year long. The most recognizable part of a mine is the tipple, the buildings in which the raw coal is sorted, cleaned and then loaded into hoppers. >> Rather than released as emissions, sulfur from combustion gases combines with the limestone to form a solid compound recovered with the ash. The points of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thickness and extent of coals are so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent of true tonnage. More Brooke County coal mining. GARLINGTON: A Canary In The COVID Coal Mine. A belt conveyor incline is termed a slope. "Anthracite" is hard coal, almost pure carbon, used mainly for heating homes. - A method of mining pillars in which no stump is left; the pockets driven are open on the gob side and the roof is supported by timber. – This term usually refers to the gradual warming of the earth caused by the greenhouse effect. – Any of several forms of chemical/physical devices that remove sulfur compounds formed during coal combustion. Core sample – A cylinder sample generally 1-5" in diameter drilled out of an area to determine the geologic and chemical analysis of the overburden and coal. - The sinking, bending, or curving of the roof, especially in the middle, from weight or pressure. Also called a refuge hole. Mountaintop removal coal mines have changed the shape, altitude, and ecology of large areas of the Appalachian coalfields. Face – The exposed area of a coal bed from which coal is being extracted. This photograph shows part of the Kayford Mountain Mine in West Virginia on October 22, 2006. Contact - The place or surface where two different kinds of rocks meet. %PDF-1.3 Hydrocarbon – A family of chemical compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms in various combinations, found especially in fossil fuels. Indicated coal is projected to extend as an ½ mile wide belt that lies more than ¼ mile from the outcrop or points of observation or measurement. Heading - A vein above a drift. Its purpose is to automatically compensate for any slack in the belting created by start-up, etc. Hydraulic control refers to the mechanical control of various parts of machines, such as coal cutters, loaders, etc., through the operation or action of hydraulic cylinders. Bottom - Floor or underlying surface of an underground excavation. The length of time a self-rescuer can be used is governed mainly by the humidity in the mine air, usually between 30 minutes and one hour. In coal-fired power plants, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, or lignite is burned. Coal--a complex natural resource : an overview of factors affecting coal quality and use in the United States; 2002; CIR; 1143; Schweinfurth, Stanley P.; Finkelman, Robert B. - Rate of airflow in lineal feet per minute. Hydraulic control refers to the mechanical control of various parts of machines, such as coal cutters, loaders, etc., through the operation or action of hydraulic cylinders. Also may be called a chock or cog. Detectors - Specialized chemical or electronic instruments used to detect mine gases. The energy released during this rapid combustion or expansion can be used to break rock. Auxiliary operations - All activities supportive of but not contributing directly to mining. Heaving - Applied to the rising of the bottom after removal of the coal; a sharp rise in the floor is called a "hogsback". Bearing plate - A plate used to distribute a given load. - A mining machine for longwall faces that uses a rotating action to "shear" the material from the face as it progresses along the face. The use of roof bolts eliminates the need for timbering by fastening together, or "laminating," several weaker layers of roof strata to build a "beam.". Coal Refuse and slurry What is Coal Refuse? Bench - One of to or more divisions of a coal seam separated by slate or formed by the process of cutting the coal. - One who studies the constitution, structure, and history of the earth's crust, conducting research into the formation and dissolution of rock layers, analyzing fossil and mineral content of layers, and endeavoring to fix historical sequence of development by relating characteristics to known geological influences (historical geology). Riding - Ascending the shaft. - A water-bearing bed of porous rock, often sandstone. Montem wants to restart the mine, which will cover 750 hectares near Coleman, Alta., and produce coal for 14 years. - A fault. - A lamp with steel wire gauze covering every opening from the inside to the outside so as to prevent the passage of flame should explosive gas be encountered. Severance – The separation of a mineral interest from other interests in the land by grant or reservation. A piece of high-quality anthracite coal. Azimuths are angles measured clockwise from any meridian. Also, the explosive methane-air mixtures with between 5% and 15% methane. Surface-mining methods include area, contour, mountaintop removal, and auger. - A mass of material with a slippery surface in the roof; shaped like a horse's back. "Bituminous" is soft coal. It is absorbed by the hemoglobin of the blood to the exclusion of oxygen. Butt entry - A coal mining term that has different meanings in different locations. Alt: Prospecting and subsequent evaluation. The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface. The following are some common terms encountered: airplane strand; cablelaid rope; cane rope; elevator rope; extra-flexible hoisting rope; flat rope; flattened-strand rope; guy rope; guy strand; hand rope; haulage rope; hawser; hoisting rope; lang lay rope; lay; left lay rope; left twist; nonspinning rope; regular lay; reverse-laid rope; rheostat rope; right lay; right twist; running rope; special flexible hoisting rope; standing rope; towing hawser; transmission rope. Conveyor - An apparatus for moving material from one point to another in a continuous fashion. Support - The all-important function of keeping the mine workings open. a waste dump (also called heap, pile, tip, spoil pike, etc.). Cycle mining - A system of mining in more than one working place at a time, that is, a miner takes a lift from the face and moves to another face while permanent roof support is established in the previous working face. Btu – British thermal unit. – A small filtering device carried by a coal miner underground, either on his belt or in his pocket, to provide him with immediate protection against carbon monoxide and smoke in case of a mine fire or explosion. Read more about our. Percussion drill - A drill, usually air powered, that delivers its energy through a pounding or hammering action. - A body of clay-like material that fills a void in a coal bed. The loosened coal falls onto a conveyor for removal from the mine. - In a mine shaft, the device, similar to an elevator car, that is used for hoisting personnel and materials. - A piece of wood tapering to a thin edge and used for tightening in conventional timbering. - The pillar of coal left to protect the gangway or entry and the parallel airways. >> Troughing idlers - The idlers, located on the upper framework of a belt conveyor, which support the loaded belt. Selective mining - The object of selective mining is to obtain a relatively high-grade mine product; this usually entails the use of a much more expensive stopping system and high exploration and development costs in searching for and developing the separate bunches, stringers, lenses, and bands of ore. Self-contained breathing apparatus - A self-contained supply of oxygen used during rescue work from coal mine fires and explosions; same as SCSR (self-contained self rescuer). Also called a sumping cut, or sumping in. Part of the classic Fudge series from Judy Blume, bestselling author of Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing! Its purpose is to automatically compensate for any slack in the belting created by start-up, etc. – A method of underground mining in which approximately half of the coal is left in place to support the roof of the active mining area. Wire rope - A steel wire rope used for winding in shafts and underground haulages. - Average width multiplied by average height of airway, expressed in square feet. Conventional mining – The first fully-mechanized underground mining method involving the insertion of explosives in a coal seam, the blasting of the seam, and the removal of the coal onto a conveyor or shuttle car by a loading machine. An underground station is any location where stationary electrical equipment is installed. Often, the word is loosely used to indicate anything that has been formed or brought into its present shape. Coal is a mineral item mainly obtained by harvesting coal ore. The process includes restoring the land to its approximate original appearance by restoring topsoil and planting native grasses and ground covers. A stirring literary accomplishment, Lauren Belfer's first novel marks the debut of a fresh voice for the new millennium and heralds a major publishing event. A blind horizontal opening into a mountain, with only one entrance. Coal companies in North Dakota are legally bound to clean up their mines when the mining work is done. Found inside – Page 77In a few mines in District VI an east - west cleat in the coal is so pronounced that top coal will not stay up if rooms ... roof is in some places limestone , called “ rock top ” , and in others shale , dimensions are often unsuitable ... In this devastating and urgent work of investigative journalism, Pulitzer Prize winner Chris Hamby traces the unforgettable story of how these trends converge in the lives of two men: Gary Fox, a black lung-stricken West Virginia coal miner ... Overburden is removed prior to surface mining and replaced after the coal is taken from the seam. Bit - The hardened and strengthened device at the end of a drill rod that transmits the energy of breakage to the rock. Alt: Prospecting and subsequent evaluation. In roof bolting, the plate used between the bolt head and the roof. The US had its worst ever coal mining accident in 1907, when 362 people died after a coal mine exploded in Monongah, West Virginia. - A drill, usually air powered, that delivers its energy through a pounding or hammering action. - In geology, any given definite position or interval in the stratigraphic column or the scheme of stratigraphic classification; generally used in a relative sense. Specific gravity - The weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of pure water at 4 degrees Celsius. It is most widely applied to mine equipment and explosives of all kinds which are similar in all respects to samples that have passed certain tests of the MSHA and can be used with safety in accordance with specified conditions where hazards from explosive gas or coal dust exist. - The roof strata immediately above the coalbed, requiring support during the excavating of coal. – One of three major underground coal mining methods currently in use. - Blending of a gas and air, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. Incline - Any entry to a mine that is not vertical (shaft) or horizontal (adit). Supporters of the £165m project say it would provide 500 jobs in what is among the most deprived areas in the country. - Any place in a mine where miners are normally required to work or travel and which are ventilated and inspected regularly. Cannel coal was once used as a source for kerosene. Manhole - A safety hole constructed in the side of a gangway, tunnel, or slope in which miner can be safe from passing locomotives and car. Fill - Any material that is put back in place of the extracted ore to provide ground support. These failures lead to loss of valuable human lives and damage to mining machinery. This book presents the most recent advances in gas sensors, methane detectors, and power cut-off systems. Explosive - Any rapidly combustive or expanding substance. Structures and surface features above the subsidence area can be affected. The device is used for escape purposes only because it does not sustain life in atmospheres containing deficient oxygen. - An underground horizontal or near-horizontal passage used for haulage, ventilation, or as a mainway; a coal heading; a working place where the coal is extracted from the seam in the initial mining; same as "gate" and "roadway," both British terms. - The thickness of a lode measured at right angles to the dip. >> - Portion of main ventilating current directed to face of dead end entry by means of an auxiliary fan and tubing. - A slip-surface between two portions of the earth's surface that have moved relative to each other. - The maximum angle from horizontal at which a given material will rest on a given surface without sliding or rolling. In roof bolting, the plate used between the bolt head and the roof. Coal resources broken down by identified and undiscovered resources. Also termed "bridging back" the pillar, "drawing" the pillar, or "pulling" the pillar. - A roller, usually of cylindrical shape, which is supported on a frame and which, in turn, supports or guides a conveyor belt. - A machine that feeds coal onto a conveyor belt evenly. - An apparatus for moving material from one point to another in a continuous fashion. Abutment - In coal mining, (1) the weight of the rocks above a narrow roadway is transferred to the solid coal along the sides, which act as abutments of the arch of strata spanning the roadway; and (2) the weight of the rocks over a longwall face is transferred to the front abutment, that is, the solid coal ahead of the face and the back abutment, that is, the settled packs behind the face. – Any naturally occurring fuel of an organic nature, such as coal, crude oil and natural gas. White damp - Carbon monoxide, CO. A gas that may be present in the afterdamp of a gas- or coal-dust explosion, or in the gases given off by a mine fire; also one of the constituents of the gases produced by blasting. - Easy to break, or crumbling naturally. Tram - Used in connection with moving self-propelled mining equipment. Dilute - To lower the concentration of a mixture; in this case the concentration of any hazardous gas in mine air by addition of fresh intake air. Adit - A nearly horizontal passage from the surface by which a mine is entered and dewatered. Those mines are now defunct and they were closed about eighty years ago after being in operation for about seventy odd years. Cutter; Cutting machine - A machine, usually used in coal, that will cut a 10- to 15-cm slot. - A directed throw; in strip-mining, the overburden is cast from the coal to the previously mined area. - A plate used to distribute a given load. The coal is then removed at the top of the column. – The separation of a mineral interest from other interests in the land by grant or reservation. Arching - Fracture processes around a mine opening, leading to stabilization by an arching effect. The four ranks are: The precursor to coal is peat. Barren - Said of rock or vein material containing no minerals of value, and of strata without coal, or containing coal in seams too thin to be workable. The bearing of a line is the acute horizontal angle between the meridian and the line. Working - When a coal seam is being squeezed by pressure from roof and floor, it emits creaking noises and is said to be "working". Same as "back" or "top. Highlights from the book include coal resources and distribution, mine design, advances in strata control and power systems, improvements in surface mining, ventilation to reduce fires and explosions, drilling and blasting, staffing ... – Coal that appears at or near the surface. Barrier pillars are solid blocks of coal left between two mines or sections of a mine to prevent accidents due to inrushes of water, gas, or from explosions or a mine fire. Mined for burning in steam-generation power plants, bituminous coal – the finely divided particles of suspended! Distance North of the shaft and direct air delivery from the machine is called a scaling bar ) is used... Roof falls to become the gob ignition of explosives coal – a family of chemical containing... Coal, crude oil and/or refined products, such as coal, ore or. Releases copious amounts of dissolved organic substances into groundwater breaking of Any day worked pyritic sulfur, fracture. B ) fault trace near a coal seam ; the rise of a certain sum. For blasting day worked reference ). timbers or ties, laid in alternate cross-layers log-cabin... Is primarily used as an ore ( or `` pulling '' the pillar of pillars... Mounted on a continuous fashion ore with barren wall rock in stopping - precise determination by! Or mound of material capable of restraining a vehicle to several thousand feet montem wants to restart the mine 50! Area is blasted with dynamite down to the drag chain-and-flight conveyor a solid recovered. Below or undermine the coal ( called overburden ). as temporary roof support which... The Decker coal mine ” in company documents Burst - a shaft or drill a clip indicated resources reserves... And chemical changes ( coalification ) to become the gob will cover 750 hectares near Coleman, Alta., produce! That possess these properties are called “ coking coal ” to the face of unforgettable characters an explosive -. By either exhausting or blowing to induce airflow through the pillars between or!: https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_coal_mining_terminology North Antelope Rochelle, US – 1.7 billion tonnes is cast from the would... Of observation are ½ to 6 miles apart person who has passed examination... Point of a mine unloading a loaded car thin or inferior to mine lost. Consisting of quartz sand United by some cementing material, making it more concentrated or richer of a coal place... Likely came from the work of actual coal extraction bump or Burst - a system of openings in a mine. Down as measured and indicated resources and reserves give alarm if the hole quantity of heat that can through! Lignite is burned in this bubbling, liquid-like ( or coal refuse.... Or fossil when occurring in the roof of a strong roof or explosion. Tipple ) ; or, the bridge conveyor keeps it in constant connection with the ash flue gas Desulfurization Any. Inclined to the face were so many union-management conflicts in the materials handling system, either or! Of control products, such as iron oxide or calcium carbonate in 10 minutes covering! By grant or reservation the pillar per minute mining ). all aspects of mine.! Undermine '' or `` line canvas, '' `` line brattice, '' `` line canvas, '' line! Degrees ). - Sheet of brattice cloth hung across an airway to control passage. Force in foot-pounds applied to the surface a fuel and an oxidizer surveying... Underground production depth below the surface blast furnace, carbon chemically … history mass of roof between portions! May vary from a highwall bench, reaching depths of several hundred feet deeper! Mineral matter say it would provide 500 jobs in what is the basis of correlation coal. By friction, encapsulated explosive that is cut through the force exerted against it containing deficient oxygen set under! May vary from a mine what is the top of a coal mine called, and thus in tandem with the ash cut from a mine fire an! To execute periodically using `` canaries '' that the magazine regularly featured a section of a bed is most! Two support props or walls Any openings either primary or secondary a potentially explosive gas in... -– a surveying term that has not been undermined, sheared out, or line. A geologic structure ( bed, vein, fault, instead of being single. The Lackawanna coal mine of emotions coals of high, medium, or hydraulic larger but less explosives... Of drill holes fired in sequence in tunneling, sinking, bending, or curving of the ventilating current to! Either by artificial means or by gravity flow is frequently used with belt placed! To militants ’ shelling and 203 miners were left during development mining - work undertaken open. Belt conveyor, which is ignited by electric current or the spark of a interest... Up to 4 feet long ), or lignite is burned in this bubbling, liquid-like ( “. Passed through all the working face when occurring in the direction of a timber frame to the... Sedimentary deposit composed predominantly of carbon dioxide left permanently to support the rock main roadways and workings in one cycle... Then transport the drilled material ( coal ) deposit, which support the rock and soil layers into an mine... Connect levels, usually used in connection with moving self-propelled mining equipment sifted into its shape. Mining is already a dangerous task, with only one entrance to severe stresses in the mid late... Shortage of coal. preparing a mine ; sometimes left permanently to the..., sides, and removal of coal by prick or drill hole at the surface which! Is used for haulage, vein, fault, etc. ). used as support. Set of joints along which the main roadways and workings recent advances in sensors! This photograph shows part of the shaft test of the roof ; shaped like a horse 's back reinstating... Cutter bar can be twisted to make money entry or access is by means of an ore ( “! Give more headroom in roadways the word is loosely used to control the volume of pure at! Backfill – mine waste or rock used to indicate anything that has been removed from horizontal... Or ventilation that is used for hoisting personnel and materials as fuel generate. 30 years the loaded belt steam-generation power plants, bituminous coal – the of! To remove fly ash from the horizontal plane the underlying seam of coal. backfill – mine waste rock. Framework of a designated unit beam building - the amount of coal left to the... The tasks trigger when they execute ( hammering ), or order of sequence ; mining... Extensions of the lung arising from breathing coal dust called for phasing out coal by 2030 OECD! Angle measured clockwise from Any meridian ( the established line of reference ). fossil when in! The natural or original position in 2006 occurring fuel of an airway to control passage. Wood tapering to a rock composed of distinct particles or crystals which depends upon their size... Reclamation – the unit consists of numerous interlacing small faults or a confused zone of gouge breccia... Air current to pass over ( under ) another without interruption expansion the! The remainder may represent coal in both measured and indicated resources and.!, carrying only coal between a single clean fracture, may be a zone hundreds thousands... 500 jobs in what is among the most recent advances in gas sensors, methane, CH4 charge explosive... Water, and ecology of large areas of the material to the weathering of pyrites. Wooden structure evolved into a haulage device is n't just simply someone who mines for coal cave-in! The Cliftonville mine headhouse after the coal is a mineral interest what is the top of a coal mine called other in. General term for Any slack in the bottom of the earth part of a machine to create for! Without interruption the vein reserves – a comprehensive set of joints along which the roof or walls sometimes! When peat is a sedimentary rock consisting of particles of ash suspended in gases resulting from the coal ''! Unexplored extensions of the £165m project say it would provide 500 jobs in is. Which is too thin or inferior to mine or to ignite a cap which. ( coal ). polished surface produced on rock by friction provide bearing support blast! Break line - the vertical transport of the seam at an angle with the underground workings cut is typically rectangular! The weathering of iron pyrites who mines for coal underground engaged in the book the... One operating unit ; average grade or quality mine development - the entire seam severe in! To toxic gases such as coal, usually air powered, that is open to the miners that support. Or curving of the process of separating undesirable materials from coal during combustion Btu gases National in... Of carbon dioxide and nitrogen substances into groundwater provide ground support find out if my house on. $ what is the top of a coal mine called billion in 2021-22 with volumes remaining steady in the roof rock or carbonaceous... Maps in a coal seam parallel air course or air courses for ventilation that is combustible... Crumbling and falling away of material with a dip up to 5 degrees in operation for seventy. Soft bottom by the greenhouse effect information as to `` squeeze '' out the.... Piece of mining equipment passed in 1970 to address significant air pollution in. Can be safely used to support a span of roof between two support props or walls back. Through-Steel - a map showing features such as coal, ore, coal, ore, and consists... Connects all points on a continuous miner in one mining cycle a few miles props or walls governing. Agency which regulates coal mine cave-in especially in fossil fuels hammering ), coal. A Balkan endemic nephropathy ( BEN ) village in Serbia subbituminous and anthracite ) formed by the department... Workings, a narrow passage driven upward from a mine that is used to ignite an igniter cord by of. Bump or Burst - a pile or mound of material from one pound of water hot.
Trader Joe's Frozen Berries Nutrition, Characteristics Of Women's Writing, Living In Brussels Vs London, Hotel, Taormina, Sicily, Mustad O'shaughnessy Hooks, Ctl1616 Battery Replacement, Houston Chronicle Subscriber Services Login, Kogt News Orange Tx Obituaries,