1948 presidential election candidates

In US Presidential Elections and Foreign Policy, a team of international scholars examines how the relationship between foreign policy and electoral politics evolved through the latter half of the twentieth century. Presidential job approval data are an important piece of the puzzle in understanding an incumbent's chances of winning re-election, but only after the time frame has moved well into the election year. The Election of 1948. This election was between Harry S. Truman (president at that time) and Thomas E. Dewey (the Governor of New York). In 1946, President Truman had fired Wallace as Secretary of Commerce when Wallace publicly opposed Truman's firm moves to counter the Soviet Union in the Cold War. [16], Truman gave a fighting acceptance speech, stating that "Senator Barkley and I will win this election and make the Republicans like it - don't you forget it!...We will do that because they are wrong and we are right. The average accuracy of voting for winning presidential candidates for all 50 states in this time frame was 72.31 percent. With the three-way split in the Democratic Party, and with Truman's low approval ratings, Truman was widely considered to be the underdog in the race, and virtually every prediction (with or without public opinion polls) indicated that Truman would be defeated by Dewey. Under Dewey's leadership, the Republicans had enacted a platform at their 1948 convention that called for expanding Social Security, more funding for public housing, civil rights legislation, and promotion of health and education by the federal government. Down in the polls and under fire within his own party, Truman alone remained confident of his victory. Media Bias in Presidential Election Coverage 1948-2008 by Dave D'Alessio, is a revealing analysis that shows the news media have four essential natures: as journalistic entities, businesses, political actors, and property, all of which can act to create news coverage biases, in some cases in opposing directions. "[36] Abels wrote that Dewey's decision to deny Halleck the vice-presidential bid "may have been a fateful one...Halleck with his forceful personality might have changed the tone of the Dewey campaign, and certainly the issue of the record of the GOP-controlled Eightieth Congress would have to have been met heads on. Presidential Candidate Vice Presidential Candidate Political Party Popular Vote Electoral Vote; Harry Truman: Alben Barkley: Democratic: 24,179,347: 49.55%: 303: 57.1%: Thomas Dewey: Political atmosphere. That electoral victory seemed to indicate that the American people had tired of the Democrats and had grown weary of reform. United States presidential election of 1936, American presidential election held on November 3, 1936, in which Democratic Pres. Dewey got 189 electoral votes. [20], Both Vandenberg and Warren were highly popular in their home states, but each refused to campaign in the primaries, which limited their chances of winning the nomination. If I were a Russian . 1948: Harry Truman. Presidential Candidate Vice Presidential Candidate Political Party Popular Vote Electoral Vote; Harry Truman: Alben Barkley: Democrat: 647,310: 50.70%: 12 : Thomas Dewey: Dewey's promise of a "great house cleaning" in Washington worried an Iowa minister who wanted to retain farm subsidies for parishioners; worried about the consequences of another depression, he voted Democratic for the first time in his church's history. This table may scroll left to right depending on the screen size of your device. the day before the 1984 presidential election . Though a stronger civil rights plank was rejected, the Democratic platform did call for the desegregation of the military, enraging Southerners particularly. Presidential election voting record in Alabama, 1900-2016. [22] In 1938, Stassen had been elected governor of Minnesota at the age of 31; he resigned as governor in 1943 to serve in the wartime Navy. (Truman would issue Executive Order 9981 desegregating the military on July 26.) U.S. Presidential Elections: Jewish Voting Record. Finally, Senator Pepper declared his intention to challenge Truman for the presidential nomination. [42] A number of other Progressive Party delegates and supporters would quit the party in protest over what they perceived as the undue influence Communists exerted over Wallace, including the prominent American socialist Norman Thomas. "[81], Other possible factors for Truman's victory included his aggressive, populist campaign style; broad public approval of Truman's foreign policy, notably the Berlin Airlift of that year; and widespread dissatisfaction with the institution Truman labeled as the "do-nothing, good-for-nothing 80th Republican Congress." The Southern delegates who remained nominated Senator Richard Russell Jr. from Georgia for the Democratic nomination as a rebuke to Truman. Nonetheless, the final pre-election Gallup poll—taken in mid-October—became public the day before the election itself, giving Dewey a solid lead of 49.5 percent to Truman's 44.5 percent of the total vote. He then made the strategic mistake of trying to beat Taft in Ohio, Taft's home state. "[25], Dewey also agreed to debate Stassen in Oregon on national radio. "[24] Dewey also extensively campaigned in Oregon, spending three weeks in the state. Stassen stunned Dewey and MacArthur in the Wisconsin primary; Stassen's surprise victory virtually eliminated General MacArthur, whose supporters had made a major effort on his behalf. The following is a list of candidates running for office in the 1948 Presidential election. Brown, "seemed no match for Herbert Brownell...while the Dewey forces were busy flattering delegates and hinting at promises of patronage, Brown was still worrying about such mundane matters as hotel rooms and seats in the gallery for his friends. Following the convention, most political experts in the news media rated the Republican ticket as an almost-certain winner over the Democrats. "[67] Roper stopped polling voters until the final week before the election, when he took another poll. [42] John Abt served as legal counsel to the convention's permanent chairman, Albert Fitzgerald; he also testified years later that he was a Communist. convention gathered in Philadelphia in June. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The 1948 Presidential Election was the last time four major candidates faced each other. . Adlai Stevenson got only 89 electoral votes. . Each Senator would cast one vote for Vice President. Given Truman's sinking popularity and the seemingly fatal three-way split in the Democratic Party, Dewey appeared unbeatable to the point where top Republicans believed that all their candidate had to do to win was to avoid major mistakes. The United States presidential election of 1948 was the 41st quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1948.Incumbent President Harry S. Truman, the Democratic nominee, who had succeeded to the presidency after the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, successfully ran for election for a full term against Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican nominee. Worsening Truman’s chances for reelection was also the defection of liberal Democrats, who broke with the president over his hard-line opposition to the Soviet Union. Neither Stassen nor Taft hated Dewey enough to withdraw [in favor of the other], and neither man thought he could get his delegates to follow if he did. Dewey, who had been the Republican nominee in 1944, was regarded as the frontrunner when the primaries began. Set in Dewey's hometown of Owosso, Michigan, this is the captivating story of a local love triangle that mirrors the national election contest. 1948 - Truman runs against Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican nominee in the 1948 presidential election. The polls and the pundits held that Dewey's lead was insurmountable and that Truman's efforts were for naught. Thurmond's 2.4% is the lowest popular vote percentage for a candidate who won all of a state's electoral votes. This proved to be futile, as Dewey's efficient campaign team methodically gathered the remaining delegates they needed to win the nomination. [...] I can think of nothing duller or more intellectually barren than acting like a sports announcer who feels he must pretend he is witnessing a neck-and-neck race. This proposal disappointed Northern and Western liberals who wanted more swift and sweeping reforms in civil rights, but it also failed to placate Southern conservatives, and both sides decided to present their own amendments and proposals to Truman's civil rights plank. He told Dewey that "you're running out on the Eightieth Congress, and you'll be sorry! As a result of the refusal by most of the dump-Truman delegates to support him, Pepper withdrew his candidacy for the nomination on July 16. At this time, there were 27 television stations in full operation in the U.S. and an estimated 350,000 TV sets in the whole country. Truman's own staff considered the campaign a last hurrah. FDR had died shortly after winning the Election of 1944 and securing his fourth term. In one of the greatest election upsets in American history, incumbent President Harry S. Truman, the Democratic nominee, defeated Republican Governor Thomas E. Dewey. Results for and Individual County: (m) < 1944. The key states in the 1948 election were Ohio, California, and Illinois. Truman's appointment of a liberal civil rights commission convinced Southern conservatives that to re-establish their voice they had to threaten third-party action to defeat Truman in 1948. I've been a Democrat all my life. Follows. Selected from 1,268 letters discovered in Bess's house after her death in 1982, this extraordinary collection provides an inside look at Truman's life, his thoughts, and his dreams. Chiang and Lee.jpg 2,735 × 2,270; 6.34 MB. Henry A. Wallace - Political Career - The 1948 Presidential Election The 1948 Presidential Election Wallace left his editorship position in 1948 to make an unsuccessful run as a Progressive Party candidate in the 1948 U.S. presidential election. Dewey.[2][3][4]. The Republicans adopted a platform that called for the ending of segregation in the military, an equal rights amendment for women to the U.S. Constitution, support for the recognition of Israel (which had declared independence earlier in the year), abolition of the poll tax, and strong enforcement of anticommunist regulations. "[71] For its television coverage, NBC News had constructed a large cardboard model of the White House containing two elephants that would pop out when NBC announced Dewey's victory; since Truman's defeat was considered certain, no donkeys were placed in the White House model. Eisenhower won the election by 442 electoral votes. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. On the morning after the election, Americans rose to news of the most surprising comeback in presidential election history. USA 1948 Presidential Election Shortcuts. He was defeated in the November election by Bill Clinton, who received 43% of the vote to Bush's 38%, with Ross Perot getting 19%. Taft then called Stassen and urged him to withdraw from the race and endorse him as Dewey's main opponent. In the last presidential election, a whopping 32 candidates vied for the presidency, with the least competitive of them receiving just 332 votes nationwide. In Freedom Is Not Enough (a quote from Lyndon Johnson's 1965 commencement address to Howard University just before signing the Voting Rights Act), Ron Walters traces the history of the Black vote since 1965, celebrates its fortieth ... Truman believed that he would win the election with 340 electoral votes, to 108 for Dewey, 42 for Thurmond, and 37 marked doubtful (he accidentally left out four electoral votes). Wallace and his supporters believed that the committee was violating the civil liberties of government workers and labor unions. The book builds upon what students have already learned and emphasizes connections between topics as well as between theory and applications. In one of the greatest election upsets in American history, incumbent President Harry S. Truman, the Democratic nominee, defeated Republican Governor Thomas E. In Media Bias in Presidential Election Coverage 1948-2008, Dave D'Alessio employs meta-analytic techniques to examine whether there are partisan biases in coverage of Presidential election campaigns in newspapers, on TV, and in the news ... Dewey, however, realized that losing another primary would end his chances at the nomination, and he decided to make an all-out effort in Oregon. Candidates  •   Franklin D. Roosevelt won reelection, defeating Republican Alf Landon.. In addition, Ferrell taps many little-known sources to relate the intriguing story of the machinations by which Truman gained the vice presidential nomination in 1944, a position which put him a heartbeat away from the presidency. Dewey would always believe that he lost the election because he lost the rural vote in the Midwest, which he had won in 1944 (note the Kaltenborn predictions that Truman would joyously mock had taken for granted that the "country vote" would go to Dewey). Had Dewey carried all three states - which would have required a shift of just 29,000 votes - he would have won the election in the Electoral College despite losing the popular vote by 2.13 million votes (or 4.36%). Dewey - while criticizing Communist totalitarianism and Soviet actions in the Cold War - still forcefully argued against banning the Communist Party: "This outlawing idea is nothing new...for thousands of years despots have tortured, imprisoned, killed, and exiled their opponents, and their governments have always fallen into the dust. Truman, a respected U.S. senator from Missouri who was admired by the public at large, was nominated to take Wallace’s place. To view maps and results from all prior presidential . By January 23, 1948, the grassroots movement had successfully entered Eisenhower's name into every state holding a Republican presidential primary, and polls gave him a significant lead against all other contenders. The race was contested by incumbent President Harry S. Truman of the . Stassen defeated Dewey again in the Nebraska primary, thus making him the new frontrunner. With the first state primary approaching, Eisenhower was forced to make a quick decision. After a number of failed efforts to get Eisenhower to reconsider, the organization disbanded, with the majority of its leadership endorsing the presidential campaign of the former Governor of Minnesota, Harold Stassen. In 1944, when Roosevelt decided to seek a fourth term, party conservatives, especially Southerners, opposed Wallace’s renomination. Many of these liberals supported the candidacy of Henry A. Wallace, who ran as the Progressive Party candidate for president. The Progressives also generated a great deal of controversy because of the widespread belief that they were secretly controlled by Communists who were more loyal to the Soviet Union than the United States. "Lady Chatterley's Lover" is a 1928 novel written by D. H. Lawrence. It is the story of Constance, a young upper-class married woman whose paraplegic husband has become distanced and uninterested in his wife. Take the quiz. On April 12, 1945, just 82 days into his fourth term, Roosevelt died. Note: The Google advertisement links below may advocate political positions that this site does not endorse. After Dewey told Halleck of his decision, Halleck "was first speechless with disbelief and then overcome with emotion." This page was last edited on 31 August 2021, at 03:05. . [68] In 1948 many pollsters, relying on Farley's Law, believed that the election was effectively over after the Republican and Democratic Conventions, and they discounted the impact of Truman's campaigning that fall. The oldest son of Henry C. Wallace, who served as U.S. Secretary of Agriculture from 1921 to 1924, Henry A. Wallace was born in Adair County, Iowa, in 1888. Governor Wright of Mississippi received the vice-presidential nomination. There were four candidates in 1948 because two big issues nearly split the Democratic Party. Never before has the story of presidential elections been so graphically told. This book gives you history at a glance, and will prove as valuable to the historian as to the reader for pleasure.--Jacket. The Chicago Tribune headline "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" remains infamously wrong about the outcome of the 1948 presidential election. Data Sources: Source for Popular Vote data: Washington Secretary of State, comp., "Presidential Candidates," Abstract of Votes State General Election November 2, 1948 (Olympia, 1948) Source for Population data: U.S. Census Bureau. The Progressive Party Convention, which was also held in Philadelphia, was a highly contentious affair; several famous newspaper journalists, such as H. L. Mencken and Dorothy Thompson, publicly accused the Progressives of being covertly controlled by Communists. FAQs  •   You are looking at him right now!”. Omissions? The convention was marked by intense conflict, particularly over civil rights. United States of America. Truman had ascended to the presidency in April 1945 after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Why should I change?" Of these, 75 percent picked Truman", which was more than his margin of victory over Dewey. [38], Meanwhile, the Democratic Party fragmented. All forecasts showed that President Harry Truman would lose to Republican candidate Thomas Dewey. The scientific pollsters, including George Gallup, all predicted that Dewey would beat Truman.. Truman's offer to Eisenhower did not become public knowledge during the campaign. Alabama voted for the winning presidential candidate 51.72 percent of the time. Our rivers are full of fish. Black Americans vote for the first time in Charleston, South Carolina, during the US presidential election, 2nd November 1948. It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1948. "[78] Gallup and Roper also did an analysis of the votes, they "learned that one voter in every seven (6,927,000), made up his mind in the last two weeks before the election. [75] As the votes came in, Truman took an early lead that he never lost. The phrase “New Frontier” is associated with which U.S. president? To those who say that this civil rights program is an infringement on states’ rights, I say this: The time has arrived in America for the Democratic Party to get out of the shadows of states’ rights and walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights. Offers a fresh and revealing account of the dramatic 1948 presidential election between President Harry Truman and challenger Thomas Dewey. The two largest third parties did not hurt Truman nearly as much as expected, as Thurmond's Dixiecrats carried only four Southern states, fewer than predicted. "[49] He ate only in unsegregated restaurants, traveled with a black secretary, and in Mississippi had to be escorted by police for protection. [71] Newsweek polled fifty experts, with all fifty predicting a Dewey win. The leading radio commentators, such as H. V. Kaltenborn of NBC, still confidently predicted that once the "late returns" came in Dewey would overcome Truman's lead and win. [55], The Southern Democrats who had walked out of the Democratic National Convention to protest the civil rights platform approved by the convention, and supported by Truman, promptly met at Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama, on July 17, 1948, and formed yet another political party, which they named the States' Rights Democratic Party. F - Hold down to quickly fill in districts D - Hold down to fill/disable entire states . Taft was the leader of the Republican Party's conservative wing, which was strongest in the Midwest and parts of the South. Through 2020, there have been 59 presidential elections. Suggest a missing candidate here. "[37] Instead, Dewey chose popular governor (and future Chief Justice) Earl Warren of California as his running mate. The average accuracy of voting for winning presidential candidates for all 50 states in this time frame was 72.31 percent. [12] Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Humphrey led the support for the Biemiller plank. More commonly known as the "Dixiecrats", the party's main goal was continuing the policy of racial segregation in the South and the Jim Crow laws that sustained it. The Progressives proposed stronger government regulation and control of Big Business. Truman simply ignored the fact that Dewey's policies were considerably more liberal than most of his fellow Republicans, and instead concentrated his fire against what he characterized as the conservative, obstructionist tendencies of the unpopular 80th Congress. He ridiculed Dewey by name, criticized Dewey's refusal to address specific issues, and scornfully targeted the Republican-controlled 80th Congress with a wave of relentless and blistering partisan assaults. In the midterm elections of 1946, both houses of Congress had gone Republican for the first time in . Some Democrats, believing Truman had no chance, tried to tempt Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower to seek the Democratic nomination, but he demurred. I am against it because it is a violation of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights...I am against it because I know from a great many years of experience in law enforcement that the proposal wouldn't work. [8], As a result of Truman's low standing in the polls, several Democratic party bosses began working to "dump" Truman and nominate a more popular candidate. In several North Carolina cities Wallace was hit by a total of "twenty-seven eggs, thirty-seven tomatoes, six peaches, and two lemons. Every move had these four interest groups in mind. Truman picked up 182 endorsements, accounting for just 10% of America's newspaper readership, being surpassed by Thurmond, who got the remaining 12% from many Southern papers. presidential candidate Richard Nixon rides in a parade on Chestnut Street . The 1948 election was a war for the soul of the Democratic Party, with accidental president Harry Truman pitted against Henry Wallace, his embittered left-wing predecessor as vice president, and young South Carolina segregationist Dixiecrat ... "[40], Wallace was also hurt when Westbrook Pegler, a prominent conservative newspaper columnist, revealed that Wallace as vice president had written coded letters discussing prominent politicians such as Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to his controversial Russian New Age spiritual guru Nicholas Roerich; the letters were nicknamed the "Guru letters." The Senate would elect the Vice President from the 2 Vice Presidential candidates with the most Electoral votes. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. The delegates nominated South Carolina Gov. It left me. 1948 Presidential General Election Results - California. Gathers acceptance and campaign speeches for postwar Republican and Democratic presidential candidates, and discusses the background and issues of each campaign This page links to the results of those historical elections, including a larger map, results and synopsis of the race. The Truman administration was no stranger to the sneers and jeers of political cartoonists. Truman claimed that "the Communists are rooting for a GOP victory because they know it would bring on another Great Depression. United States presidential election of 1948, American presidential election held on Nov. 2, 1948, in which Democratic Pres. DemocraticHarry S. Truman. Successful candidate. [15] The passage of the civil rights platform caused some three dozen Southern delegates, led by South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond, to walk out of the convention. The 1968 United States presidential election happened on November 5, 1968.Richard Nixon, the Republican candidate and former Vice President of the United States, won the election.He defeated the incumbent vice president, Hubert Humphrey, who was a Democrat, and George Wallace, the Governor of Alabama, who ran as a member of the American Independent Party. One of the most famous failures of political polling occurred in the 1948 presidential election between Harry Truman (the democratic incumbent) and Thomas Dewey (the republican challenger). Heading into Election Day on November 2, 1948, it seemed like Thomas Dewey had the U.S. presidency in the bag. Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States presidential election, 1952. He became convinced that the party was being manipulated by Communists, and was "so heartsick about Communist infiltration of the party that he discussed . Note: The Guide are produced from data in the ANES . His last column, appearing in the Sunday papers two days before the election, showed Truman gaining sharply – to 44 percent – and the interviews on which it was based had been conducted two weeks earlier. To the surprise of most Americans, Truman was elected president on November 2, 1948. Privacy  •   Found insideDonaldson argues that Dewey did nearly as much to lose the election as Truman did to win it. Dewey entered the campaign so overconfident that he refused to confront Truman on the issues. Results for and Individual County: You cannot have freedom without liberty. This report describes the four stages of the presidential election process: the pre-nomination primaries and caucuses for selecting delegates to the national conventions; the national nominating conventions; the general election; and voting ... The party's platform was drafted by Lee Pressman, the convention secretary; he later admitted that he had been a member of the Communist party. They wanted another "sure thing" for the presidential election of 1948, especially since the Republicans were going to choose Thomas E. Dewey as their candidate. Furthermore, some liberal Democrats had joined Henry A. Wallace's new Progressive Party, and party leaders feared that Wallace would take enough votes from Truman to give the large Northern and Midwestern states to the Republicans. Held on May 17, 1948, it was the first-ever radio debate between presidential candidates. 26 Statement of Vote General Election November 2, 1948 (Hartford, 1949) Source for Population data: U.S. Census Bureau. Libertarian Gary Johnson, former Governor of New Mexico, garnered 3.3 percent of the vote. SocialistNorman Thomas. "[68] One poll showing strong Truman support in the rural Midwest was sponsored by the Staley Milling Company, who "polled farmers by giving them a choice of a donkey or an elephant on chicken feed sacks. Senator: Representative in Congress. The 1948 United States presidential election was the 41st quadrennial presidential election. Truman won by 303 electoral votes. Thus, Truman's election confirmed the Democratic Party's status as the nation's majority party. [80], Another reason for Dewey's surprise defeat was his complacent, distant approach to the campaign, and his failure to respond to Truman's attacks. In 1952, there was no precedent in presidential elections for the use of television "spot" advertising—short commercials that generally run between twenty seconds and a minute. 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